Unit+6

=__Unit VI: America and World War II__=

__Saving Private Ryan Clip:__

 * June 6th, 1944- FRANCE- setting
 * hard life
 * A lot of soldiers were killed
 * Already been to Africa and Italy..etc..
 * Machine gun New Weapon Very Useful
 * 4 Ryan Brothers-3 died - 1 still missing

2. America invading Germany in France.-D-Day:
 * One of the largest invasion by water in history.
 * German-Occupied France
 * Americans were trying to LIBERATE(free) France

About D-Day-

 * Battle of Normandy
 * June-August
 * Codnamed "Operation Overlord"
 * Hitler knew Americans were invading to he put Erwin Rommel incharge to defend.

=Textbook, Pg. 772= =American forces fought in North Africa-in Morocco, Algeria, Libya, and Egypt- for their first action of WWII(1942-1943). America was joining the fight to help recapture these countries from German/Axiz control=

=Next stop was Italy. Then on to France- D-Day/Battle of Normandy (June 6, 1944) (Saving Private Ryan).=

=Chapter 24 Overview=
 * To defeat the Axis Powers the Allies depended on controling the seas.
 * If the Allies didnt control the Atlantic the Axis Powers would of won.
 * Giant Bismark-"the pride of the German fleet".( a German ship )
 * Germans relied on the U-Boat.
 * WOLF PACK- Germans huntedin groups of U-boats and attacked at night.
 * USA entered the war in late 1941
 * Operation Torch-American forces to invade the North African Countries of Morocco and Algeria in November 1942.
 * D-Day- The ivasion of France
 * Operation Overlord- American Forces invade Normandy by water to try and ambush Germany.
 * Pearl Harbor
 * Americas joined the war because of the bombing of Pearl Harbor
 * Americas joined the war because of the bombing of Pearl Harbor

=__Americas involment in WWII__=
 * usa= super power in 4 years
 * 1930s=poverty
 * every weapon is mass produced on a scale never before seen in history
 * 1941 Dec. 7th destroy the american fleet of pearl harbor-Japanese
 * 7:50 qm Japan attacked pearl harbor
 * 1178 wounded 2403 are killed-Americans- pearl harbor
 * 27 hours later America declared war with Japan
 * 3 days later America went to war with Germany
 * before the war there were 3 million people unemployed.
 * Japan surprise attacked US at pearl harbor which made America join WWII.
 * Pearl Harbor and D-Day are only 3 years apart.
 * New vehicle - the JEEP
 * 3 jeeps are produced every 4 minutes throught the war
 * 43 million men are registered for combat service
 * woman worked for the military
 * WWII will cost 300 billion $
 * purchases go up 12 %
 * 300,000 aircrafts are produced during the war
 * 1942 august 17th, only bomb at night but started to bomb during the day for more accuracy
 * B-17 Bomber, 4 engines, 4000 lbs of bombs and 8 50 cal. guns and can travel over 2000miles
 * America trying to bomb where the Germans railroad stations are so germans cant transport anything
 * 36,900lbs of bombs hit the railroad 50% of the bombs hit the target, that was really good back then.
 * Today the direct hit rate with a bomb is 95%
 * by 1943 10 milliom americans have been drafted to the war.
 * the army was segregated
 * both France and Germany were in Ruins after WWII
 * USA dropped two atomic bombs on japan....SALTED!!!
 * Nuclear Weapons- atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb, etc...
 * WWII transformed the USA in only 4 years...
 * Americans have 50 million babies in 15 years--> "The Baby Boom"
 * 1950s- Peace and Prosperity
 * "America becomes a super power"

=Background to WWII=

The instability created in Europe by the First **World War (1914-18)** set the stage for another international conflict–**World War II–which broke out two decades** later and would prove even more devastating. **Rising to power in an economically and politically unstable Germany, Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist (Nazi Party) rearmed the nation and signed strategic treaties with Italy and Japan to further his ambitions of world domination.** __Italy had come under the control__ of a dictator named **Benito Mussolini and Japan was being led by a military General Hideki Tojo.** Hitler came to power in 1933 and in the mid-1930s set the world on a course to war. Hitler began by taking complete control of Germany as a dictator and leading the German people to start targeting Jews on a quest to create a pure German race. He then **violated World War I's Treaty of Versailles** by rebuilding the German military and beginning to take back land Germany had lost from the Versailles treaty - **Germany took part of Austria in 1938 and Czechoslovakia early in 1939.** While Hitler took these actions America was more focused on domestic issues and both Great Britain and France were trying to avoid another war, so they used a policy called Appeasement, which means giving in to the demands of an aggressor, letting Hitler get away with what he was doing.

Hitler was able to gain momentum and his **invasion of Poland in September 1939 drove Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany, and World War II had begun.** Before Hitler could be slowed, Germany, Italy, and Japan had taken over much of Europe and Asia: Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, __France__, Libya, part of China, The Philippines, and more (take a look at the map below).


 * WWII pitted the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) against the Allied Powers (Great Britain and France, followed by the Soviet Union and the U.S.).** Over the next six years, the conflict would take more lives and destroy more land and property around the globe than any previous war. **An estimated 45-60 million people were killed during WWII. Included were 6 million Jews murdered in Nazi concentration camps as part of Hitler's diabolical "Final Solution," now known as the Holocaust**. __America did not declare war until December of 1941, after being bombed by Japan at Pearl Harbor navy base in Hawaii. From 1937 to 1941, America had been supplying the Allied Powers with war supplies, but fully joined the war in 1942, fighting Germany and Italy in North Africa and Italy and fighting Japan in the islands and waters of the Pacific Ocean.__

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=Key Terms so far=

1. What is Pearl Harbor? Where is it? When was it attacked?
Japanese surprise attacked a navy base, Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, Dec. 7, 1941 ===2. Watch: Pearl Harbor Video interactive simulation from MSNBC=== ===Answer: What were the key details of the attack?---=== ===3. Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?---=== Why?They wanted to destroy all the battleships in the Pacific fleet ===4. Should the U.S. have been more prepared?=== Yes they should have because it would have decreased the death toll at the time,

===5. What was the U.S. response?===























. Military impact: Operations -

 * __2-Front War - aka Two Theater War__ --- In WW2, the US was fighting in Europe and in the Pacific
 * __Operation Torch - N Africa & Italy__--- The first fighting in WW2 for American Forces was in North Africa and Italy
 * __Operation Overlord - D-Day & Normandy__--- Americans invade France to retake in from German Control, Led byh the US and General Eisenhower
 * __Battle of the Bulge__--- As the Germans were getting close to defeat they launched one big last offensive. It was temporarily successful but they couldnt fight off the Allies for long
 * __Ending the Holocaust__--- as the Americans came from the west the Soviets from the east the Germans were defeated and all the concentration camps were discovered. Any prisoners left were free.
 * __Slow start in the Pacific__--- the first few battles in the Pacific theater were won by Japan, America was struggling on the front.
 * __Doolittle's Raid on Tokyo__---
 * Battles of Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Leyte Gulf, Iwo Jima, Okinawa - ISLAND HOPPING in the PACIFIC--- American forces win a number of battles in the Pacifi- Mostly air and sea battles- against Japan, going from island to island. Americans recaptured the Philippines, started with the battle of Leyte Gulf, and then fought on Iwo Jima and Okinawa, getting very close to Japans mainland (spring of 1945)


 * [[image:http://media.maps.com/magellan/Images/USAH041-H.gif width="334" height="239" caption="WWIIin the Pacific Theater"]] ||
 * WWII in the Pacific Theater ||


 * ==__Code Talkers-__ Navajo Native Americans in the U.S. Marines who used their language to relay important messages that the Japanese couldnt decode.==
 * ==__Kamikazes-__ A suicide pilot, a Japanese pilot that flies their plane into American ships, using their plane as a bomb. (suicide bomber)==


 * ==__V-E Day-__ Victory in Europe Day- After Hitlers death Germanys leader surrendered on May 7, it took effect on May 8.==
 * ==__Japans refusal to surrender-__ General Curtis LeMay bombed Japan killing 84.00 people and destroying 270,000 buildings. Japan still fought, but then the leaders of the Japanese government wanted peace so they went to the Soviet Union to help with an agreement with the other allies.==
 * ==__Hiroshima & Nagasaki-__ Hiroshima was bombed on August 6, 1945 a B-29 bomber droped the fworlds first Atomic bomb- it wiped out over 90% of the city killing over 80,000 people immediately and tens of thousands of people later from radiation. August 9, 3 days later another B-29 bomber droped a second atomic bomb on the city of Nagasaki killing about 40,000 people. (these bombs were called Fatman and Little boy) Japan surrendered after the bombings.[[image:http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qqpYThuZYrw/STFLMqcj8nI/AAAAAAAAAIA/vV4omoFKk7o/s400/hiroshima_nagasaki.jpg width="199" height="138"]][[image:http://www.cybermodeler.com/history/silverpl/images/bomb3.jpg width="210" height="146"]]==
 * ==__V-J Day-__==

__Propaganda-__ Information meant to influence ( anything that spreads information, commercials, newspaper, posters, signs, magazines, etc...)
=The Homefront Continued...=
 * ==__HOMEFRONT__- Civilian activities in aa nation at war.==
 * __Rationing__- A fixed portion of food or supplies for a soldier of civilian in times of scarcity ( limited supplies such a gasoline, food, etc...)
 * __Paying for the war__- Government raises taxes, warbonds(selling bonds),borrowing money.
 * __The Office of War Information__- Created in June, 1942. Spread a lot of propaganda, creating many posters and these posters incouraged men to join the armed forces and woman to have jobs in war industries.
 * __Executive Order 9066__- President Roosevelt inssured it on February 19, 1942. It gave armed forces the power to establish military zones. The goal of the order was to remove people of japanese heritage from the Western U.S.

=H. Diplomacy at the end of WWII=
 * ===Yalta Conference===
 * When- February 4-11, 1945
 * Where- Yalta, Soviet Union
 * Who- FDR, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin
 * Why- The meet to decide what to do with Germany, Poland, and other countries the Axis had control over
 * What Happened-
 * Germany and its capital city of Berlin would be split up
 * Germany will not be punished this time
 * Stalin promised he would help run election in Poland and other countries in need of new government (but he did not keep his promise)
 * Stalin promised that after Germany was defeated he would help the U.S. defeat Japan if they could no do so within 3 months
 * Germany defeated on May 8, 1945... U.S. drops A-Bomb on Hiroshima August 6, 1945... Soviet Union declares war on Japan on Ausgust 9, 1945.. Japan surrenders on August 15, 1945.


 * ===__FDR's death__- Truman takes over as President, new leader for the U.s. at a very tough time===
 * [[image:http://mitchellarchives.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/fdr-dies-ff.jpg width="107" height="163" caption="April 12, 1945"]] ||
 * April 12, 1945 ||


 * ===__United Nations__- Created in June 1945, Purpose to keep peace.===
 * ===__Potsdam Conference__- Meeting in July of 1945 in Putsdam Germany after Germany defeat===
 * unsuccessful b/c Stalin no longer planning on holding elections in Poland and other European countries.
 * Growing American fear of the spread of Soviet commmunism.

I. Outcomes and Effects of WWII...including seeds of the Cold War

5. The American military remained extremely large and only grew, as did Americas miliitary presence around the world.
====6. Death toll - see chart below - which countries suffered the most from WWII?====

**Deaths** || **Deaths as % of total of 1939 Population** ||  ||
 * **Human Losses of World War II by Country** ||
 * **Country** || **Military Deaths** || **Civilian Deaths** || **Jewish Deaths**
 * in the Holocaust** || **Total**
 * in the Holocaust** || **Total**
 * **China** || 3,000,000 || 12,000,000 ||  || 15,000,000 || 3.86 ||
 * [|Czechoslovakia] || 25,000 || 43,000 || 277,000 || 345,000 || 2.25 ||
 * [|France] || 217,600 || 267,000 || 83,000 || 567,600 || 1.35 ||
 * [|Germany] || 5,533,000 || 1,800,000 || 160,000 || 8,393,000 || 12.15 ||
 * [|Hungary] || 300,000 || 80,000 || 200,000 || 580,000 || 6.35 ||
 * [|India] || 87,000 || 2,00,000 ||  || 2,587,000 || 0.66 ||
 * [|Italy] || 301,400 || 145,100 || 8,000 || 454,500 || 1.02 ||
 * [|Japan] || 2,120,000 || 580,000 ||  || 2,700,000 || 3.78 ||
 * [|Philippines] || 57,000 || 850,000 ||  || 850,000 || 3.48 ||
 * [|Poland] || 240,000 || 2,580,000 || 3,000,000 || 5,820,000 || 16.1 ||
 * [|Soviet Union] || 10,700,000 || 12,254,000 || 1,000,000 || 23,954,000 || 14.18 ||
 * [|United Kingdom] || 382,700 || 67,100 ||  || 449,800 || 0.94 ||
 * [|United States] || 416,800 || 1,700 ||  || 418,500 || 0.32 ||
 * **Totals (estimates)** || **25,000,500** ||
 * **Totals (estimates)** || **25,000,500** ||

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=K. WWII Top Ten KTs= ‍What the ten most important key terms to know about American involvement in WWII?
 * 1) __D-Day__- Battle of Normandy (Operation Overlord) Americans try to surprise attack German occupied France
 * 2) __Pearl Harbor__- Dec.7 1941, Japan bombed navy base, start of WWII.
 * 3) __Allied Powers__- USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union, and France
 * 4) __Axis Powers__- Germany, Italy, Japan.
 * 5) __Holocaus__t- Hitler and the Nazis plan to whip out an intire race (mostly Jews)
 * 6) __Treaty of Versaillies__- Peace treaty to end WWI, But Germans Broke the treaty.
 * 7) __Hiroshima & Nagasaki__- Two location where the first two A-bombs were dropped to make Japan surrender.
 * 8) __Yalta Conference__-
 * 9) __Manhattan Project__- Developed the A-Bombs.

=General War-Related Terms=
 * 1) ===Homefront*===
 * 2) ===Propaganda*===
 * 3) ===Diplomacy*===
 * 4) ===Rationing===
 * 5) ===Dictator===
 * 6) ===Appeasement===
 * 7) ===Mobilization*===
 * 8) ===Front/Theater===

=L. WWII Essay Work: Thesis Statements= Thesis statement- Shows topic,restates the Question, sets up argument, 1-2 sentences.

Ex; Q: How was your weekend? Thesis- My weekend was pretty good because i hung out with a bunch of my friends to play dogeball and go out for pizza.

Ex Q: What is the best fast food restaurant? Thesis- The best fast food restaurant is Subway because the food there is delicious and healthy. :D

=__Test Review__= __Chapter 23 Section 1:__ The Rise of Dictators- The Treaty of Versaillies failed and dictators took control over Germany, Italy, and Japan __Section 2:__ Europe Erupts in War- Germany was displeased with France and Great Britain and so turned to force and started WWII __Section 3:__ The United States Enters the War- The axis powers were very aggressive and forced the U.S. out of isolation and led the U.S. to be part of WWII. __Section 4:__ Mobilizing for War- WWII led to Americans inventing motor vehicles to enhance their chances of acheiving the War. __Section 5:__

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